Detection of the probes post-washing suggests pathologic tissue. After a wash, the tissue is imaged to determine the presence of the probes. The general approach for MEI is as follows: the luminal surface of an organ is exposed to molecular ligands, or particulate probes bearing a ligand, cognate to biochemistry unique to pre-cancerous/cancerous tissue. Molecular endoscopic imaging (MEI), an emerging technology, seeks to exploit these changes for the early detection of cancer. Numerous studies have revealed that the biochemistry of the luminal surface of such tissue within the colon and esophagus becomes altered throughout disease progression. In this regard, endoscopy is routinely used to screen for transforming/cancerous (i.e. Early detection of cancer significantly increases the rate of survival, and thus it is critical that cancer within these organs is detected early. Scale bar = 100 µm.Ĭancers of the digestive tract cause nearly one quarter of the cancer deaths worldwide, and nearly half of these are due to cancers of the esophagus and colon. *P < 0.0025, compared to all others intragroup. Data shown are mean adhesion ± SD of three technical replicates and are representative of independent experiments conducted on tissue sections from >3 independent cases of colon cancer. Specificity of interaction was validated using hIgG DBTA probes, 10 mM EDTA, and rIgM DBTA probes as controls. Probes were perfused at 250,000 probes/mL and 0.50 dyne/cm 2. (c) The greatest amount of adhesion to the tissue occurred with the P-selectin DBTA probes. (b) HECA-452 DBTA probes (microspheres coated with HECA-452) adhered to tissue at 0.50 dyne/cm 2 (Supplementary Videos S9 and S10). However, with regard to the SRCC 48 y/o and mucinous adenocarcinoma tissues, not all regions that express sLeX or sLeA, as detected by HECA-452 SBTA, appeared to mediate binding to P-selectin DBTA probes (Supplementary Videos S1, S4, and S7).
For the adenocarcinoma and SRCC 22 y/o tissues, but not the SRCC 48 y/o and mucinous adenocarcinoma tissues, there was an agreement between P-selectin DBTA and SBTA with HECA-452 in which the regions of tissue that express sLeX or sLeA mediate adhesion to P-selectin DBTA probes.
HECA-452 SBTA was conducted on serial sections. (a) SBTA with the HECA-452 monoclonal antibody (green pseudocolor), which detects both sLeX and sLeA, has been combined with an image showing the adhesion patterns of P-selectin DBTA probes (Fig. The presence of sLeX/A does not dictate a functional P-selectin ligand.